EMPLOYMENT IN A PROJECT PHASE
ABC Company intends to hire X as an employee for a particular project phase. X’s employment will terminate upon the completion of the project phase which will come earlier than the project end-date. Can X be hired as a project employee? As discussed in…
NOMINATION AND ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
The Revised Corporation Code (“RCC”) provides for the procedures on the nomination and election of directors in a corporation. Section 23 of the RCC provides that “[e]xcept when the exclusive right is reserved for holders of founders’ shares under…
CHOICE OF LAW AND VENUE OF ACTIONS
The intrinsic validity of contracts is governed by the law intended by the parties or lex loci intentionis. This intention may be expressed in the choice-of-law or governing law provision in the contract. Art. 1306 of the civil code provides…
EMPLOYEE VS. INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR
What factors should be considered in determining whether a person is an employee or an independent contractor? At the outset, it is important to note that the existence of an employer- employee relationship cannot be negated by expressly repudiating it…
TAX DECLARATIONS AS EVIDENCE OF OWNERSHIP OF REAL PROPERTY
Are tax declarations considered conclusive evidence of ownership of real property? Tax declarations, by themselves, are not conclusive proof of ownership but when coupled with evidence of actual possession, they may become the basis of a claim for…
LOSS OF TRUST AND CONFIDENCE AS JUST CAUSE FOR TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT
Loss of trust and confidence is a just cause for termination and the following requisites pursuant to Section 5.2 (e) of DOLE Department Order No. 147-15 must be present to terminate an employee for Loss of Confidence: The Supreme Court in the case of…
WORK-RELATED INJURIES
What is the extent of employer’s liability on work-related injuries? At the outset it must be noted that for liability to attach to the employer in relation to injuries related to employment, the Supreme Court in the case of U-Bix Corp. v.…
TIN REQUIREMENTS ON FOREIGN DIRECTORS
The SEC requires all foreign directors to obtain a Tax Identification Number (“TIN”) from the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR). This requirement is outlined in Section 3 of SEC Memorandum Circular No. 1-2013 [Mandatory Incorporation of…
Situs Rule in Local Taxation
What is the situs rule in local taxation? How are entities with branch offices, sales offices, project offices, factories, plants and others taxed? Local business taxes (“LBT”) are taxes imposed by local government units on the privilege of doing…
APPOINTMENT OF FOREIGN OFFICERS IN A LAND-OWNING ENTITY
Can a foreigner be appointed as an officer of a land-owning entity? Section 7, Article XII of the 1987 Constitution restricts land ownership as follows: “Sec. 7. Save in cases of hereditary succession, no private lands shall be transferred or…