The intrinsic validity of contracts is governed by the law intended by the parties or lex loci intentionis. This intention may be expressed in the choice-of-law or governing law provision in the contract. Art. 1306 of the civil code provides that “The contracting parties may establish such stipulations, clauses, terms and conditions […]

What is the extent of employer’s liability on work-related injuries?

At the outset it must be noted that for liability to attach to the employer in relation to injuries related to employment, the Supreme Court in the case of U-Bix Corp. v. Bandiola (G.R. No. 157168, 26 June 2007), ruled that the injury […]

The SEC requires all foreign directors to obtain a Tax Identification Number (“TIN”) from the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR). This requirement is outlined in Section 3 of SEC Memorandum Circular No. 1-2013 [Mandatory Incorporation of the Tax Identification Number (TIN) of Foreign Investors in All Forms, Papers, and Documents Filed […]

Luke 1:35 The angel answered and said to her, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the powerof the Most High will overshadow you; and for that reason the holy Child shall be called the Son of God. In ancient kingdoms, the son of the king held delegated authority […]